一词多义翻译实践出真知

　　一词多译还是比较常见的一种情况，通过我们的各种案例分析得出只有在关键的部分才会遇到更有力的使用和扩张手法，在这种科技飞速发展的同时我们只有加快步伐，北京翻译公司中的议员们，对一词多义这一翻译技巧向来重视有加。近日，北京翻译公司国贸部资深翻译们更是借午休时间对此做了个小小的举例说明。

　　语言与社会

　　语言折射社会发展的轨迹，中国历史上每一次大的社会变革，都会涌觋出一大批新词语。语言属于社会现象，语言是随着社会的发展而发展的。词汇是语言中最活跃的因素，社会的变革、科技的发展、人们思维的活跃和观念的更新，都会在语言的词汇中很快地反映出来，突出表现是新词新义新用法的大量出现。

　　①远的不说，就从上一个世纪来看，“五四”前后、建国初期和改革开放以来，分别是新词语出现的三个高峰。

　　②如近年来随着网络这一新事物的出现，跟网络有关的新词语就出现了一大串，像因特网、电子邮件、网站、网校、网址、网页、网络犯罪等，这些是语言与社会共变的最好例证。

　　③语言是社会的一面镜子，社会发生了很大变化，语言不可能是无动于衷的，不可能还是保持原样的。

　　④语言还可以帮助强化一种观念，甚至强化一种意识形态，所以无论是保守的还是革命的，都分别以不同方式来利用语言。像法国大革命时期，月份名称都改了，因为他们觉得名称代表了一种传统的力量，代表了一种君王、贵族的象征，所以语言本身也是有力量的。社会变迁无疑会给语言带来变化，社会上猛然接受了很多新的信息，肯定会在语言上有所体现。有时社会变迁带来了很多新的信息，新的信息里的一部分可以用老词汇来体现，但有时我们只能用新词汇来表达部分新信息。因此，可以说，语言与社会是紧密相联的。

　　注释

　　说明：本文重复率较高的词有“语言”、“词汇”、“网”及“变迁”，在翻译时要多用同义词及近义词，如“词汇”可用vocabulary, word-stock，lexis,word,term, coinage, neologism等翻译，“变迁”可用change, shift，transition，transformation等翻译。

　　①“人们思维的活跃和观念的更新”不要逐字译成“people's activity of thinking and updating of ideas”，应译成new thinking and fresh/renewed ideas。从“突出表现”另起一句，可译成“Most Prominent is the emergence of a plethora of coinages, new meanings and usages”。

　　②此句将“新词语”译作主语，“高峰”采用词性转换翻译法，译成

　　动词peak或flourish，“建国初期”可译成in the early days或in the

　　infancy。

　　③“最好例证”可用the best proof或the best instances翻译。

　　④“无动于衷”与“保持原样”不能按词典释义译成impassable remain the same，而应该根据语境译成remain unaffected or unchanged。

　　Language and Society

　　Language reflects the path of social development, for every major change to the

　　society in the history of China has brought a myriad of new terms into existence.

　　Language, a social phenomenon, evolves with the community.Lexis is the most active

　　element of languages, because social changes, scientific and Technological advances,

　　new thinking and fresh ideas are quickly embodied in the word-stock. Most prominently,

　　there have emerged huge quantities of coinages, new meanings and usages. As recently

　　as last centur3r, to say nothing of the dist,ant past, neologisms peaked around May 4

　　Movement in 1919, in the infancy of the People's Republic of China, and after reform

　　and opening up to the outside world respectively. In recent years, for example, with

　　the emergence of a new thing-the web, a large number of web-related new words have found

　　their way into our life, such as the Internet, email, dotcoms, online schools, websites,

　　web pages, cybercrime and such-like things that are the best instances of the co-evolution

　　of language and society.

　　Language is a mirror of the society. If it undergoes great changes,not tongue can possibly

　　remain unaffected or unchanged. Language can also he reinforce some ideas, even some kind

　　of ideology, so whether one is French Revolution where the names of months were altered

　　because the names, they felt, stood for a traditional force——a symbol of sovereignty and

　　aristocracy. That is why language itself, too, is power.Social transitions will undoubtedly

　　bring changes to languages. The community is suddenly flooded with new information that is

　　bound to be epitomized in language. There are also times when social shifts give rise to a

　　great deal of new information, part of which can be represented by old lexis, but there are

　　also times when we can only use new terms to express some of the new information. Therefore,

　　it can be said, that language is closely bound up with the society.

　　以上，便是出于北京译员们对一义多词的理解之下的翻译实践讲解，希望能对您有用。