翻译培训的全面质量管理方法

　　自1999年《博洛尼亚宣言》以来，质量已成为欧洲高等教育的中心主题和迫切需要。然而，在翻译培训方案中，诸如翻译市场的性质及其要求、语言技术的加速和不可预测的变化的影响以及不断变化的学生需求等因素，都成为大学各部门满足和维持质量要求的障碍。为了克服这些障碍，本文提出将全面质量管理(tqm)的原则应用于翻译培训项目的设计、开发和实施过程中，以保证翻译培训项目的质量。这一方法得出的结论是，必须根据对三个千丝万缕联系在一起的需求的适当评估来制定翻译培训方案：市场需求、翻译部门的需求和——同样重要的——学生的需求。

　　Since the Bologna Declaration in 1999, quality has become a central theme and a pressing need in European higher education. In translator training programmes, factors such as the nature of the translation market and its requirements, the impact of accelerating and unpredictable changes in language technologies and evolving student needs have, however, constituted obstacles for the meeting and maintenance of quality requirements by university departments. To overcome these obstacles, this paper puts forward the idea that quality in translator training programmes can be maintained through adapting the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) to the processes of programme design, development and implementation. This approach leads to the conclusion that it is imperative for translator training programmes to be developed in accordance with proper assessment of three inextricably linked needs: the needs of the market, the needs of translation departments and – equally important – the needs of students.